The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 10
Piranhas are mostly shy fish that eat fish, seeds, insects and dead animals; attacks on people are rare and usually small bites, and they swim in groups mostly for safety from their own predators.
Who acts: Piranhas, shy fish, attacks · What happens: be, eat, swim · To what, where: shy fish, fish, groups
This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Piranhas, shy fish, attacks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Piranhas | piranha | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fish | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fish | cop |
| 3 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 4 shy | advmod |
| 4 | shy | shy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fish | amod |
| 5 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 eat | nsubj |
| 7 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fish | acl:relcl |
| 8 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 eat | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 seeds | punct |
| 10 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fish | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 insects | punct |
| 12 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fish | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 animals | cc |
| 14 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 animals | amod |
| 15 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 insects | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 attacks | punct |
| 17 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 rare | nsubj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 people | case |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 attacks | nmod |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 rare | cop |
| 21 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fish | parataxis |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 bites | cc |
| 23 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 25 bites | advmod |
| 24 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 bites | amod |
| 25 | bites | bite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 rare | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 swim | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 swim | cc |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 swim | nsubj |
| 29 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 rare | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 groups | case |
| 31 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 swim | obl |
| 32 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 34 safety | advmod |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 safety | case |
| 34 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 swim | obl |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 predators | case |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 predators | nmod:poss |
| 37 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 predators | amod |
| 38 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 safety | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fish | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Piranhas | shy fish | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | eat | present | shy fish | fish and seeds and insects and dead animals | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is | present | attacks on people | rare property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | swim | present | attacks = attack | groups | for safety from animals's own predators | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/10/