Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 15
In airless marsh mud, bacteria rot dead plants and make methane and smelly hydrogen sulphide, the rotten-egg smell; old stories of will-o'-the-wisp lights may come from marsh gas, but scientists are not sure.
Who acts: bacteria, old stories, wisp lights, scientists · What happens: rot, make, o, come, not be · To what, where: dead plants, airless marsh mud, methane, marsh gas
This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bacteria, old stories, wisp lights, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 mud | case |
| 2 | airless | airless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 mud | amod |
| 3 | marsh | marsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mud | compound |
| 4 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 rot | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 rot | punct |
| 6 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rot | nsubj |
| 7 | rot | rot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 plants | amod |
| 9 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rot | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 make | cc |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 rot | conj |
| 12 | methane | methane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 sulphide | cc |
| 14 | smelly | smelly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 sulphide | amod |
| 15 | hydrogen | hydrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 sulphide | compound |
| 16 | sulphide | sulphide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 methane | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 smell | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 smell | det |
| 19 | rotten | rotten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 egg | amod |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 rotten | punct |
| 21 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 smell | compound |
| 22 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 methane | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 o | punct |
| 24 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 stories | amod |
| 25 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 o | nsubj |
| 26 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 27 will | mark |
| 27 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 o | aux |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 will | punct |
| 29 | o | o | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 make | parataxis |
| 30 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 o | punct |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 come | punct |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 wisp | det |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 the | punct |
| 34 | wisp | wisp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 lights | compound |
| 35 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 come | nsubj |
| 36 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 come | aux |
| 37 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 rot | conj |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 gas | case |
| 39 | marsh | marsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 gas | compound |
| 40 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 come | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 sure | punct |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 sure | cc |
| 43 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 sure | nsubj |
| 44 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 sure | cop |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 sure | advmod |
| 46 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 make | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 rot | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rot | present | bacteria | dead plants | airless marsh mud | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | present | bacteria not said here | methane and smelly hydrogen sulphide and the egg smell | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset methane=Product | ||||
| 3 | o | future | old stories | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | come | may | wisp lights | marsh gas | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from gas=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | not is | present | scientists | sure property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/15/