Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to nature, sentence 7
Przewalski's horses, short and stocky, are the last truly wild horses; they were extinct in the wild by the 1960s, and zoo-bred horses were released in Mongolia from the 1990s, where hundreds now live.
Who acts: horses, animals, hundreds · What happens: be, breed, release, live · To what, where: wild, bred horses, Mongolia
This is a sentence of the lesson «Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to nature» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, animals, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Przewalski | Przewalski | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 horses | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Przewalski | case |
| 3 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 last | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 short | punct |
| 5 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 horses | amod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 stocky | cc |
| 7 | stocky | stocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 short | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 horses | punct |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 last | cop |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 last | det |
| 11 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 12 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 13 wild | advmod |
| 13 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 horses | amod |
| 14 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 last | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 extinct | punct |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 extinct | nsubj |
| 17 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 extinct | cop |
| 18 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 last | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 wild | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 wild | det |
| 21 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 extinct | obl |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 1960s | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 1960s | det |
| 24 | 1960s | 1960s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 18 extinct | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 released | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 released | cc |
| 27 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 bred | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 zoo | punct |
| 29 | bred | breed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 horses | amod |
| 30 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 released | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 released | aux:pass |
| 32 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 extinct | conj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 Mongolia | case |
| 34 | Mongolia | Mongolia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 released | obl |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 1990s | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 1990s | det |
| 37 | 1990s | 1990s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 32 released | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 live | punct |
| 39 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 42 live | advmod |
| 40 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 live | nsubj |
| 41 | now | now | ADV | _ | 42 live | advmod |
| 42 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 1990s | acl:relcl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 last | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Przewalski's horses | wild horses obl; last property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | past | animals = animal | the wild | by the 1960s; extinct property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | breed | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | release | past · passive | bred horses | Mongolia | from the 1990s | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Source | |||
| 5 | live | present | hundreds | now | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:114-back-to-the-wild.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/114-back-to-the-wild/7/