Why zoos exist and what critics say, sentence 10

Many zoos have stopped keeping elephants, orcas and polar bears if they cannot give them enough space, because these animals often suffered in small spaces (a wild orca swims huge distances in the open ocean); SeaWorld stopped breeding orcas in 2016.

Who acts: Many zoos, Zoos, animals, wild orca, SeaWorld · What happens: stop, keep, not give, suffer, swim, breed · To what, where: elephants, enough space, animals, small spaces, huge distances, open ocean

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many zoos, Zoos, animals, wild orca), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 zoos	amod
2	zoos	zoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stopped	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stopped	aux
4	stopped	stop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 stopped	xcomp
6	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 keeping	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 orcas	punct
8	orcas	orca	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 elephants	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 bears	cc
10	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 bears	amod
11	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 elephants	conj
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	16 give	mark
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 give	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 give	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 give	advmod
16	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 stopped	advcl
17	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 give	iobj
18	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 space	amod
19	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 give	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 suffered	punct
21	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 suffered	mark
22	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	23 animals	det
23	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 suffered	nsubj
24	often	often	ADV	_	25 suffered	advmod
25	suffered	suffer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 stopped	advcl
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 spaces	case
27	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 spaces	amod
28	spaces	space	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 suffered	obl
29	(	(	PUNCT	_	33 swims	punct
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 orca	det
31	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 orca	amod
32	orca	orca	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 swims	nsubj
33	swims	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 suffered	parataxis
34	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 distances	amod
35	distances	distance	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 swims	obj
36	in	in	ADP	_	39 ocean	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 ocean	det
38	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 ocean	amod
39	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 swims	obl
40	)	)	PUNCT	_	33 swims	punct
41	;	;	PUNCT	_	43 stopped	punct
42	SeaWorld	SeaWorld	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 stopped	nsubj
43	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 stopped	parataxis
44	breeding	breed	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	43 stopped	xcomp
45	orcas	orca	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 breeding	obj
46	in	in	ADP	_	47 2016	case
47	2016	2016	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	44 breeding	obl
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 stopped	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	stop	present · perfect	Many zoos					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	keep	gerund	Many zoos not said here	elephants and orcas and polar bears				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme
3	not give a condition, not said to happen	can	Zoos = zoo	enough space	animals = animal			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient space=Theme
4	suffer	past	this animals			small spaces	often property	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	swim	present	a wild orca	huge distances		the open ocean		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme distance=Trajectory
6	stop	past	SeaWorld					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
7	breed	gerund	SeaWorld not said here	orcas		2016		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/10/