Why zoos exist and what critics say, sentence 12

Paying to hold a tiger cub for a selfie often harms it: cubs are taken from their mothers early, bred for money and kept badly when they grow up, and good zoos never allow it.

Who acts: Paying, Zoos, good zoos · What happens: pay, hold, harm, take, breed, keep · To what, where: tiger cub, elephant, cubs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paying, Zoos, good zoos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Paying	pay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 harms	csubj
2	to	to	PART	_	3 hold	mark
3	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Paying	xcomp
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cub	det
5	tiger	tiger	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cub	compound
6	cub	cub	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 selfie	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 selfie	det
9	selfie	selfie	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obl
10	often	often	ADV	_	11 harms	advmod
11	harms	harm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 harms	obj
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 taken	punct
14	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 taken	nsubj:pass
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 taken	aux:pass
16	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 harms	parataxis
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 mothers	case
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 mothers	nmod:poss
19	mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 taken	obl
20	early	early	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 taken	advmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 bred	punct
22	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 taken	conj
23	for	for	ADP	_	24 money	case
24	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 bred	obl
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 kept	cc
26	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 taken	conj
27	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	26 kept	advmod
28	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	30 grow	advmod
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 grow	nsubj
30	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 kept	advcl
31	up	up	ADP	_	30 grow	compound:prt
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 allow	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 allow	cc
34	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 zoos	amod
35	zoos	zoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 allow	nsubj
36	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	37 allow	advmod
37	allow	allow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 harms	conj
38	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 allow	obj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 harms	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	pay	gerund				tree rules
2	hold	to-infinitive		a tiger cub	for a selfie	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Theme
3	harm	present	Paying	elephant	often property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer
4	take	present · passive		cubs	from cubs's mothers; early property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from mother=Initial_Location
5	breed	participle			for money	tree rules
6	keep	participle			badly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
7	grow up	present	Zoos = zoo			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	not allow	present	good zoos	elephant		vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/12/