How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 15
Pet cats hunt birds, mice, voles, lizards and insects, and in places like Australia and on islands cats have badly harmed small wild animals; a bright collar or a bell and keeping cats in at dawn and dusk help birds.
Who acts: Pet cats, cats, bright collar · What happens: hunt, harm, keep, help · To what, where: birds, small wild animals, places, cats
This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pet cats, cats, bright collar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pet | pet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cats | compound |
| 2 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hunt | nsubj |
| 3 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hunt | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 mice | punct |
| 6 | mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 birds | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 voles | punct |
| 8 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 birds | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lizards | punct |
| 10 | lizards | lizard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 birds | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 insects | cc |
| 12 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 birds | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 harmed | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 harmed | cc |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 places | case |
| 16 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 harmed | obl |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 Australia | case |
| 18 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 places | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 islands | cc |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 islands | case |
| 21 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 Australia | conj |
| 22 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 harmed | nsubj |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 harmed | aux |
| 24 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 harmed | advmod |
| 25 | harmed | harm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hunt | conj |
| 26 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 animals | amod |
| 27 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 animals | amod |
| 28 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 harmed | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 hunt | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 collar | det |
| 31 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 collar | amod |
| 32 | collar | collar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 help | nsubj |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 bell | cc |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 bell | det |
| 35 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 collar | conj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 keeping | cc |
| 37 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 bell | conj |
| 38 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 keeping | obj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 dawn | case |
| 40 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 dawn | case |
| 41 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 keeping | obl |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 dusk | cc |
| 43 | dusk | dusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 dawn | conj |
| 44 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hunt | conj |
| 45 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 help | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hunt | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | present | Pet cats | birds and mice and voles and lizards and insects | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | ||||
| 2 | harm | present · perfect | cats | small wild animals | places like Australia and islands | badly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer | ||
| 3 | keep | gerund | a bright collar or a bell not said here | cats | dawn | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme | |||
| 4 | help | present | a bright collar or a bell | birds | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/15/