How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 7
A cat's pupils open wide in dim light or when it is excited and shrink to thin slits in bright light; slit pupils, which small cats have, can close very tightly in sun and open very wide at dusk, while lions have round pupils.
Who acts: pupils, cat, small cats, slit pupils, lions · What happens: open, be, shrink, have, close · To what, where: dim light, bright light, slit pupils, round pupils
This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pupils, cat, small cats, slit pupils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cat | det |
| 2 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pupils | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 cat | case |
| 4 | pupils | pupil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 open | nsubj |
| 5 | open | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 5 open | advmod |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 light | case |
| 8 | dim | dim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 light | amod |
| 9 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 open | obl |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 excited | cc |
| 11 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 excited | advmod |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 excited | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 excited | cop |
| 14 | excited | excited | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 light | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 shrink | cc |
| 16 | shrink | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 open | conj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 slits | case |
| 18 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 slits | amod |
| 19 | slits | slit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 shrink | obl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 light | case |
| 21 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 light | amod |
| 22 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 shrink | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 close | punct |
| 24 | slit | slit | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 pupils | amod |
| 25 | pupils | pupil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 close | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 have | obj |
| 28 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 cats | amod |
| 29 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 have | nsubj |
| 30 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 pupils | acl:relcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 have | punct |
| 32 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 close | aux |
| 33 | close | close | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 open | parataxis |
| 34 | very | very | ADV | _ | 35 tightly | advmod |
| 35 | tightly | tightly | ADV | _ | 33 close | advmod |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 sun | case |
| 37 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 close | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 open | cc |
| 39 | open | open | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 close | conj |
| 40 | very | very | ADV | _ | 41 wide | advmod |
| 41 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 39 open | advmod |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 43 dusk | case |
| 43 | dusk | dusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 open | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 have | punct |
| 45 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 47 have | mark |
| 46 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 have | nsubj |
| 47 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 open | advcl |
| 48 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 pupils | amod |
| 49 | pupils | pupil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 have | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 open | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | present | a cat's pupils | dim light | wide property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in light=Location | |||
| 2 | is | present | cat | excited property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | shrink | present | a cat's pupils not said here | bright light | to thin slits result | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to slit=Result | |||
| 4 | have | present | small cats | slit pupils | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient | ||||
| 5 | close | can | slit pupils | in sun; tightly property | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sun=Topic | ||||
| 6 | open | infinitive | slit pupils not said here | dusk | wide property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 7 | have | present | lions | round pupils | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/7/