Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest, sentence 10

Narrow waxy needles lose little water and survive frost, and the cone shape of a spruce lets heavy snow slide off instead of breaking the branches.

Who acts: Narrow waxy needles, cone shape, heavy snow · What happens: lose, survive, let, slide off, break · To what, where: little water, frost, heavy snow, branches

This is a sentence of the lesson «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Narrow waxy needles, cone shape, heavy snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 needles	amod
2	waxy	waxy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 needles	amod
3	needles	needle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lose	nsubj
4	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lose	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 survive	cc
8	survive	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lose	conj
9	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 survive	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lets	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 lets	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 shape	det
13	cone	cone	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shape	compound
14	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lets	nsubj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 spruce	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 spruce	det
17	spruce	spruce	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shape	nmod
18	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lose	conj
19	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 snow	amod
20	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lets	obj
21	slide	slide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 lets	xcomp
22	off	off	ADP	_	21 slide	compound:prt
23	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	25 breaking	mark
24	of	of	ADP	_	23 instead	fixed
25	breaking	break	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 lets	advcl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 branches	det
27	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 breaking	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lose	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	lose	present	Narrow waxy needles	little water	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality
2	survive	present	Narrow waxy needles not said here	frost	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme frost=Circumstance
3	let	present	the cone shape of a spruce	heavy snow	tree rules
4	slide off	infinitive	heavy snow not said here		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	break	gerund	the cone shape of a spruce not said here	the branches	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer branch=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:012-forests-woodland-through-the-year.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/10/