Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa, sentence 2
With no monkeys or woodpeckers on the island, lemurs spread into many kinds: the aye-aye taps on bark with a long thin finger to find grubs, and sifakas bound sideways across the ground like dancers.
Who acts: lemurs, aye aye, sifakas · What happens: spread, tap, find, bound · To what, where: many kinds, bark, grubs, ground
This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lemurs, aye aye, sifakas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 3 monkeys | case |
| 2 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 monkeys | det |
| 3 | monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spread | obl |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 woodpeckers | cc |
| 5 | woodpeckers | woodpecker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 monkeys | conj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 island | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 island | det |
| 8 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 monkeys | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lemurs | punct |
| 10 | lemurs | lemur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spread | nsubj |
| 11 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 kinds | case |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 kinds | amod |
| 14 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spread | obl |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 taps | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 aye | det |
| 17 | aye | aye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 aye | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 aye | punct |
| 19 | aye | aye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 taps | nsubj |
| 20 | taps | tap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 spread | parataxis |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 bark | case |
| 22 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 taps | obl |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 finger | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 finger | det |
| 25 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 finger | amod |
| 26 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 finger | amod |
| 27 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 taps | obl |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 find | mark |
| 29 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 finger | acl |
| 30 | grubs | grub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 find | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 bound | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 bound | cc |
| 33 | sifakas | sifaka | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 bound | nsubj |
| 34 | bound | bound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 taps | conj |
| 35 | sideways | sideways | ADV | _ | 34 bound | advmod |
| 36 | across | across | ADP | _ | 38 ground | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 ground | det |
| 38 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 bound | obl |
| 39 | like | like | ADP | _ | 40 dancers | case |
| 40 | dancers | dancer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 bound | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 spread | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | present | lemurs | many kinds | with no monkeys on the island or woodpeckers | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into kind=Destination | |||
| 2 | tap | present | the aye aye | bark | with a long thin finger | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with finger=Instrument | |||
| 3 | find | to-infinitive | the aye aye not said here | grubs | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grub=Topic | ||||
| 4 | bound | present | sifakas | the ground | like dancers; sideways property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ground=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/2/