Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa, sentence 3

Real ring-tailed lemurs are led by females, not kings, sunbathe each morning with arms spread wide, and male rivals hold «stink fights» by waving smelly tails.

Who acts: females, male rivals · What happens: tail, lead, sunbathe, spread, hold, wave · To what, where: Real tailed lemurs, arms, stink fights, smelly tails

This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (females, male rivals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lemurs	amod
2	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tailed	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 ring	punct
4	tailed	tail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 lemurs	amod
5	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 led	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 led	aux:pass
7	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 females	case
9	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 led	obl:agent
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 kings	punct
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 kings	advmod
12	kings	king	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 females	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 sunbathe	punct
14	sunbathe	sunbathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 led	conj
15	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	16 morning	det
16	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sunbathe	obl:unmarked
17	with	with	SCONJ	_	19 spread	mark
18	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 spread	nsubj:pass
19	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 sunbathe	advcl
20	wide	wide	ADV	_	19 spread	advmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 hold	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 hold	cc
23	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 rivals	amod
24	rivals	rival	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 hold	nsubj
25	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 led	conj
26	«	«	PUNCT	_	28 fights	punct
27	stink	stink	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 fights	compound
28	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 hold	obj
29	»	»	PUNCT	_	28 fights	punct
30	by	by	SCONJ	_	31 waving	mark
31	waving	wave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 hold	advcl
32	smelly	smelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 tails	amod
33	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 waving	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 led	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	tail	participle					vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	lead	present · passive	females and kings	Real tailed lemurs			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
3	sunbathe	infinitive	females and kings not said here		morning		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	spread	participle · passive		arms		wide property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
5	hold	present	male rivals	stink fights			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Theme
6	wave	gerund	male rivals not said here	smelly tails			vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/3/