Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa, sentence 8

Male ring-tailed lemurs have «stink fights», rubbing their tails on smelly wrist glands and waving them at rivals; the tail is longer than the body and cannot grab; it is used for balance and signalling.

Who acts: Male tailed lemurs, tail · What happens: tail, have, stink, rub, wave, be · To what, where: fights, tails, smelly wrist glands, lemurs, rivals, fur

This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male tailed lemurs, tail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lemurs	amod
2	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tailed	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 ring	punct
4	tailed	tail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 lemurs	amod
5	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	nsubj
6	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 stink	punct
8	stink	stink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 have	xcomp
9	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stink	obj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 fights	punct
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 rubbing	punct
12	rubbing	rub	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 stink	advcl
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 tails	nmod:poss
14	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 rubbing	obj
15	on	on	ADP	_	18 glands	case
16	smelly	smelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 glands	amod
17	wrist	wrist	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 glands	compound
18	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 rubbing	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 waving	cc
20	waving	wave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 rubbing	conj
21	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 waving	obj
22	at	at	ADP	_	23 rivals	case
23	rivals	rival	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 waving	obl
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 body	punct
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 tail	det
26	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 longer	nsubj
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 longer	cop
28	longer	long	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 have	parataxis
29	than	than	ADP	_	31 body	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 body	det
31	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 longer	obl
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 grab	cc
33	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	35 grab	aux
34	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	35 grab	advmod
35	grab	grab	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 longer	conj
36	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 used	punct
37	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 used	nsubj:pass
38	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 used	aux:pass
39	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 have	parataxis
40	for	for	ADP	_	41 balance	case
41	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 used	obl
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 signalling	cc
43	signalling	signalling	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 balance	conj
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	tail	participle					vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	have	present	Male tailed lemurs				tree rules
3	stink in a quote	infinitive	Male tailed lemurs not said here	fights			tree rules
4	rub	gerund	Male tailed lemurs not said here	lemurs's tails	smelly wrist glands		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tail=Theme on gland=Destination
5	wave	gerund	Male tailed lemurs not said here	lemurs = lemur	rivals		vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
6	is	present	the tail			than the body; long property	tree rules
7	not grab	can	the tail not said here				vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8	use	present · passive		fur		for balance and signalling	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for balance=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/8/