Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa, sentence 9
Mouse lemurs are among the smallest primates; the smallest weighs about 30 grams, and big eyes help them hunt at night; some sleep through the dry season on fat stored in their tails.
Who acts: Mouse lemurs, smallest, big eyes, lemurs, some · What happens: be, weigh, help, hunt, sleep, store · To what, where: 30 grams, lemurs, fat, tails
This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mouse lemurs, smallest, big eyes, lemurs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lemurs | compound |
| 2 | lemurs | lemur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 primates | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 primates | cop |
| 4 | among | among | ADP | _ | 7 primates | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 primates | det |
| 6 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 primates | amod |
| 7 | primates | primate | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 grams | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 smallest | det |
| 10 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 11 weighs | nsubj |
| 11 | weighs | weigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 primates | parataxis |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 30 | advmod |
| 13 | 30 | 30 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 grams | nummod |
| 14 | grams | gram | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 weighs | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 help | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 help | cc |
| 17 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 eyes | amod |
| 18 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 help | nsubj |
| 19 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 grams | conj |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 help | obj |
| 21 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 help | xcomp |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 night | case |
| 23 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hunt | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 sleep | punct |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 sleep | nsubj |
| 26 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 primates | conj |
| 27 | through | through | ADP | _ | 30 season | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 season | det |
| 29 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 season | amod |
| 30 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sleep | obl |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 fat | case |
| 32 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sleep | obl |
| 33 | stored | store | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 fat | acl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 tails | case |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 tails | nmod:poss |
| 36 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 stored | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 primates | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Mouse lemurs | among the smallest primates | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | weigh | present | the smallest | 30 grams | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme gram=Value | ||||
| 3 | help | present | big eyes | lemurs = lemur | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hunt | infinitive | lemurs = lemur not said here | night | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | sleep | present | some | fat | season | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 6 | store | participle | fat not said here | lemurs's tails | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in tail=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/9/