Marty, Gloria and Melman: real zebras, hippos and giraffes, sentence 11

Hippos spend the day in water and come out at night to eat grass; their long tusks are for fighting, and they are among the most dangerous large animals in Africa.

Who acts: Hippos, long tusks, tusks · What happens: spend, come out, eat, be · To what, where: water, grass, Africa

This is a sentence of the lesson «Marty, Gloria and Melman: real zebras, hippos and giraffes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos, long tusks, tusks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hippos	hippo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spend	nsubj
2	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 day	det
4	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spend	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spend	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 come	cc
8	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spend	conj
9	out	out	ADV	_	8 come	advmod
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 night	case
11	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 come	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 eat	mark
13	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 come	advcl
14	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 eat	obj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 fighting	punct
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 tusks	nmod:poss
17	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 tusks	amod
18	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 fighting	nsubj
19	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 fighting	cop
20	for	for	ADP	_	21 fighting	case
21	fighting	fight	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 spend	parataxis
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 animals	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 animals	cc
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 animals	nsubj
25	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 animals	cop
26	among	among	ADP	_	31 animals	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 animals	det
28	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	29 dangerous	advmod
29	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 animals	amod
30	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 animals	amod
31	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 fighting	conj
32	in	in	ADP	_	33 Africa	case
33	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 animals	nmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spend	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	present	Hippos		water	day		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	come out	present	Hippos not said here			night	out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
3	eat	to-infinitive	Hippos not said here	grass				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
4	is	present	stripes's long tusks				fight property	tree rules
5	is	present	tusks = tusk		Africa		among the dangerous large animals	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:128-madagascar-real-zebras-hippos-and-giraffes.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/128-madagascar-real-zebras-hippos-and-giraffes/11/