The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps, sentence 8

Penguins waddle because their legs are short and set far back, and waddling actually saves energy; their knees are hidden under their feathers.

Who acts: Penguins, legs, waddling · What happens: waddle, be, save, hide · To what, where: energy, knees, feathers

This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penguins, legs, waddling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 waddle	nsubj
2	waddle	waddle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 short	mark
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 legs	nmod:poss
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 short	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 short	cop
7	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 waddle	advcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 set	cc
9	set	set	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 short	conj
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 back	advmod
11	back	back	ADV	_	9 set	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 saves	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 saves	cc
14	waddling	waddle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 saves	csubj
15	actually	actually	ADV	_	16 saves	advmod
16	saves	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 waddle	conj
17	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 saves	obj
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 hidden	punct
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 knees	nmod:poss
20	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 hidden	nsubj:pass
21	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 hidden	aux:pass
22	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 waddle	parataxis
23	under	under	ADP	_	25 feathers	case
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 feathers	nmod:poss
25	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 hidden	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 waddle	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	waddle	present	Penguins				vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	penguins's legs			short property	tree rules
3	be		penguins's legs not said here				tree rules
4	waddle	gerund					vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	save	present	waddling	energy		actually property	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
6	hide	present · passive		penguins's knees	penguins's feathers		vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under feather=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/8/