Mountains: life as you climb higher, sentence 7

Alpine ibex climb the almost vertical stone walls of dams, like the Cingino dam in Italy, to lick salt, gripping with hooves that have hard edges and soft pads; baby ibex can climb within days of being born.

Who acts: Alpine ibex, hooves, baby ibex · What happens: climb, lick, grip, have, bear · To what, where: vertical stone walls, salt, hard edges, days

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alpine ibex, hooves, baby ibex), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 ibex	amod
2	ibex	ibex	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climb	nsubj
3	climb	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 walls	det
5	almost	almost	ADV	_	6 vertical	advmod
6	vertical	vertical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 walls	amod
7	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 walls	compound
8	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 climb	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 dams	case
10	dams	dam	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 walls	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 dam	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	15 dam	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 dam	det
14	Cingino	Cingino	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 dam	compound
15	dam	dam	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climb	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 Italy	case
17	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 dam	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 lick	punct
19	to	to	PART	_	20 lick	mark
20	lick	lick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 climb	advcl
21	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 lick	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 gripping	punct
23	gripping	grip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 lick	advcl
24	with	with	ADP	_	25 hooves	case
25	hooves	hoove	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 gripping	obl
26	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 have	nsubj
27	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 hooves	acl:relcl
28	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 edges	amod
29	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 have	obj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 pads	cc
31	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 pads	amod
32	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 edges	conj
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 climb	punct
34	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 ibex	compound
35	ibex	ibex	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 climb	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 climb	aux
37	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 climb	parataxis
38	within	within	ADP	_	39 days	case
39	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 climb	obl
40	of	of	SCONJ	_	42 born	mark
41	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	42 born	aux:pass
42	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	39 days	acl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 climb	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	climb	present	Alpine ibex	the vertical stone walls of dams		like the Cingino dam in Italy	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location wall=Theme
2	lick	to-infinitive	Alpine ibex not said here	salt			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent salt=Source
3	grip	gerund	Alpine ibex not said here			with hooves	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with hoove=Instrument
4	have	present	hooves	hard edges and soft pads			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient
5	climb	can	baby ibex		day		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	bear	gerund · passive		days not said here			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/7/