Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules, sentence 1
Real donkeys are mostly quiet, but their bray is so loud it carries about three kilometres, because wild donkeys live spread out across dry, rocky lands and need to keep in touch.
Who acts: Real donkeys, bray, wild donkeys, waffles · What happens: be, carry, live, spread out, need, keep · To what, where: three kilometres, dry, touch
This is a sentence of the lesson «Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real donkeys, bray, wild donkeys, waffles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 donkeys | amod |
| 2 | donkeys | donkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 quiet | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 quiet | cop |
| 4 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 5 quiet | advmod |
| 5 | quiet | quiet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 loud | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 loud | cc |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 bray | nmod:poss |
| 9 | bray | bray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 loud | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 loud | cop |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 loud | advmod |
| 12 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 quiet | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 carries | nsubj |
| 14 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 loud | parataxis |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 16 three | advmod |
| 16 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 kilometres | nummod |
| 17 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 carries | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 spread | punct |
| 19 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 22 live | mark |
| 20 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 donkeys | amod |
| 21 | donkeys | donkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 live | nsubj |
| 22 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 carries | advcl |
| 23 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 live | xcomp |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 spread | compound:prt |
| 25 | across | across | ADP | _ | 26 dry | case |
| 26 | dry | dry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 spread | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 lands | punct |
| 28 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 lands | amod |
| 29 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 dry | conj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 need | cc |
| 31 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 live | conj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 keep | mark |
| 33 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 need | xcomp |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 touch | case |
| 35 | touch | touch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 keep | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 quiet | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Real donkeys | mostly, quiet property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | waffles's bray | loud property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | carry | present | bray | three kilometres | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme | ||||
| 4 | live | present | wild donkeys | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | spread out | participle | wild donkeys not said here | dry and rocky lands | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across dry=Destination | ||||
| 6 | need | present | wild donkeys not said here | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | keep not said to happen | to-infinitive | wild donkeys not said here | touch | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in touch=Location | ||||
| 8 | bray | waffles = waffle | nom bray «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/1/