Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, sentence 10

Bearded capuchins in Brazil crack hard palm nuts on a flat rock with a heavy stone, and the young take years to learn it by watching older monkeys.

Who acts: Bearded capuchins, young · What happens: crack, take, learn, watch · To what, where: hard palm nuts, flat rock, stone, older monkeys

This is a sentence of the lesson «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bearded capuchins, young), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bearded	bearded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 capuchins	amod
2	capuchins	capuchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 crack	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Brazil	case
4	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 capuchins	nmod
5	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 nuts	amod
7	palm	palm	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 nuts	compound
8	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 crack	obj
9	on	on	ADP	_	12 rock	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 rock	det
11	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 rock	amod
12	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crack	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 stone	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 stone	det
15	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 stone	amod
16	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crack	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 take	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 take	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 young	det
20	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 take	nsubj
21	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 crack	conj
22	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 take	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 learn	mark
24	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 take	advcl
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 learn	obj
26	by	by	SCONJ	_	27 watching	mark
27	watching	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	24 learn	advcl
28	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 monkeys	amod
29	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 watching	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 crack	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crack	present	Bearded capuchins in Brazil	hard palm nuts	a flat rock		with a heavy stone	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent nut=Patient with stone=Instrument
2	take	present	the young			year		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	learn	to-infinitive	the young not said here	stone				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
4	watch	gerund	the young not said here	older monkeys				vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monkey=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/10/