Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, sentence 5

Spider monkeys have a prehensile, gripping tail with bare ridged skin under the tip; only some monkeys of Central and South America have gripping tails, and no monkey of Africa or Asia can hang by its tail.

Who acts: Spider monkeys, monkey · What happens: have, grip, ridge, hang · To what, where: prehensile gripping tail, tip

This is a sentence of the lesson «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spider monkeys, monkey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spider	spider	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 monkeys	compound
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 tail	det
5	prehensile	prehensile	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 tail	amod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 tail	punct
7	gripping	grip	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 tail	amod
8	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 have	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	12 skin	case
10	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 skin	amod
11	ridged	ridge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 skin	amod
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tail	nmod
13	under	under	ADP	_	15 tip	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 tip	det
15	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gripping	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 monkeys	punct
17	only	only	ADV	_	19 monkeys	advmod
18	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	19 monkeys	det
19	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 have	nsubj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 Central	case
21	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 monkeys	nmod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 South	cc
23	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Central	conj
24	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Central	flat
25	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 gripping	aux
26	gripping	grip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 have	conj
27	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 have	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 hang	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 hang	cc
30	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	31 monkey	det
31	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 hang	nsubj
32	of	of	ADP	_	33 Africa	case
33	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 monkey	nmod
34	or	or	CCONJ	_	35 Asia	cc
35	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 Africa	conj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 hang	aux
37	hang	hang	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 have	conj
38	by	by	ADP	_	40 tail	case
39	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	40 tail	nmod:poss
40	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 hang	obl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Spider monkeys	a prehensile gripping tail		with bare ridged skin	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient
2	grip	gerund			the tip		vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	ridge	participle					tree rules
4	grip	present	Spider monkeys not said here				vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	hang	can	no monkey of Africa or Asia			by tail's tail	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by tail=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/5/