Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, sentence 14
In winter lemmings live in a space between the ground and the snow; snow is full of trapped air, so it works like a blanket and keeps them near freezing point while the air above is far colder.
Who acts: lemmings, snow, air · What happens: live, be, trap, work, keep · To what, where: space, lemmings, freezing point
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lemmings, snow, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 winter | case |
| 2 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 3 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | nsubj |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 space | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 space | det |
| 7 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | between | between | ADP | _ | 10 ground | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ground | det |
| 10 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 space | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 snow | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 snow | det |
| 13 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ground | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 full | punct |
| 15 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 full | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 full | cop |
| 17 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 live | parataxis |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 air | case |
| 19 | trapped | trap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 air | amod |
| 20 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 full | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 live | punct |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 works | advmod |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 works | nsubj |
| 24 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | parataxis |
| 25 | like | like | ADP | _ | 27 blanket | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 blanket | det |
| 27 | blanket | blanket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 works | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 keeps | cc |
| 29 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 works | conj |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 keeps | obj |
| 31 | near | near | ADP | _ | 33 point | case |
| 32 | freezing | freezing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 point | compound |
| 33 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 keeps | obl |
| 34 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 40 colder | mark |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 air | det |
| 36 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 colder | nsubj |
| 37 | above | above | ADV | _ | 36 air | advmod |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 colder | cop |
| 39 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 40 colder | advmod |
| 40 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 keeps | advcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | lemmings | a space between the ground and the snow | winter | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in space=Location | |||
| 2 | is | present | snow | of trapped air; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | trap | participle | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | work | present | snow | like a blanket | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | keep | present | snow not said here | lemmings = lemming | freezing point | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme near point=Location | |||
| 6 | is | present | the air | cold, far property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/14/