Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, sentence 15

Rain falling on snow can freeze into hard ice layers that seal lemmings off from their food and soak their nests, and in parts of Norway boom years became rarer for a while as winters changed.

Who acts: Rain, hard ice layers, winters · What happens: fall, freeze, seal off, soak, become, change · To what, where: snow, hard ice layers, lemmings, food, nests, parts

This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rain, hard ice layers, winters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 freeze	nsubj
2	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Rain	acl
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 snow	case
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 falling	obl
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 freeze	aux
6	freeze	freeze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	into	into	ADP	_	10 layers	case
8	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 layers	amod
9	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 layers	compound
10	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 freeze	obl
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 seal	nsubj
12	seal	seal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 layers	acl:relcl
13	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 seal	obj
14	off	off	ADP	_	12 seal	compound:prt
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 food	case
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 food	nmod:poss
17	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 seal	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 soak	cc
19	soak	soak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 seal	conj
20	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 nests	nmod:poss
21	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 soak	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 became	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 became	cc
24	in	in	ADP	_	25 parts	case
25	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 became	obl
26	of	of	ADP	_	29 years	case
27	Norway	Norway	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 years	compound
28	boom	boom	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 years	compound
29	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 parts	nmod
30	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 freeze	conj
31	rarer	rare	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	30 became	xcomp
32	for	for	ADP	_	34 while	case
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 while	det
34	while	while	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 rarer	obl
35	as	as	SCONJ	_	37 changed	mark
36	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 changed	nsubj
37	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 rarer	advcl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 freeze	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund	Rain not said here		snow		vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on snow=Location
2	freeze	can	Rain		hard ice layers		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	seal off	present	hard ice layers	lemmings	lemmings's food		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lemming=Patient
4	soak	present	hard ice layers not said here	lemmings's nests			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nest=Theme
5	become	past	Rain not said here			in parts of Norway boom years result; rare property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in part=Result
6	change	past	winters				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/15/