Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, sentence 7
Lemming numbers rise and fall in cycles, often every three to four years: plenty of food means fast breeding, then food runs short, predators increase and numbers crash.
Who acts: Lemming numbers, plenty, food, predators, numbers · What happens: rise, fall, mean, run, increase, crash · To what, where: cycles, fast breeding
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lemming numbers, plenty, food, predators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lemming | lemming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 numbers | compound |
| 2 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rise | nsubj |
| 3 | rise | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 fall | cc |
| 5 | fall | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rise | conj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 cycles | case |
| 7 | cycles | cycle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rise | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 years | punct |
| 9 | often | often | ADV | _ | 14 years | advmod |
| 10 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 years | det |
| 11 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 years | nummod |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 four | case |
| 13 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 three | nmod |
| 14 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rise | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 plenty | punct |
| 16 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 means | nsubj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 food | case |
| 18 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 plenty | nmod |
| 19 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rise | parataxis |
| 20 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 breeding | amod |
| 21 | breeding | breeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 means | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 runs | punct |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 runs | advmod |
| 24 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 runs | nsubj |
| 25 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 means | parataxis |
| 26 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 runs | xcomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 increase | punct |
| 28 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 increase | nsubj |
| 29 | increase | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rise | parataxis |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 crash | cc |
| 31 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 crash | nsubj |
| 32 | crash | crash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 increase | conj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rise | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | present | Lemming numbers | cycles | year | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cycle=Location | |||
| 2 | fall | present | Lemming numbers not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | mean | present | plenty of food | fast breeding | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breeding=Topic | ||||
| 4 | run | present | food | then | short property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | increase | present | predators | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | crash | present | numbers | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/7/