Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?, sentence 16
Fish breathe by drawing water in through the mouth and over the gills, so a goldfish opens and shuts its mouth all the time.
Who acts: Fish, goldfish · What happens: breathe, draw, open, shut · To what, where: water, mouth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fish, goldfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 breathe | nsubj |
| 2 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 4 drawing | mark |
| 4 | drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 breathe | advcl |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drawing | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 mouth | case |
| 7 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 mouth | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 mouth | det |
| 9 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drawing | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 gills | cc |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 gills | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 gills | det |
| 13 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 mouth | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 breathe | punct |
| 15 | so | so | CCONJ | _ | 18 opens | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 goldfish | det |
| 17 | goldfish | goldfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 opens | nsubj |
| 18 | opens | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 breathe | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 shuts | cc |
| 20 | shuts | shut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 opens | conj |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 22 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shuts | obj |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 time | det:predet |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 time | det |
| 25 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shuts | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 breathe | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | present | Fish | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | draw | gerund | Fish not said here | water | the mouth and the gills | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme in mouth=Destination | |||
| 3 | open | present | a goldfish | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | shut | present | a goldfish not said here | goldfish's mouth | time | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:152-goldfish-memory.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/16/