Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 1

Many small insect-eating bats have a second trick: they shout high-pitched calls and listen to the echoes, like a torch made of sound, which is called echolocation.

Who acts: Many small eating bats, People · What happens: eat, have, shout, pitch, listen, make · To what, where: second trick, pitched calls, torch · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many small eating bats, People), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bats	amod
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bats	amod
3	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eating	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 insect	punct
5	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 bats	amod
6	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 have	nsubj
7	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 trick	det
9	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	10 trick	amod
10	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 have	obj
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 have	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 shout	nsubj
13	shout	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 have	parataxis
14	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 pitched	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 high	punct
16	pitched	pitch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 calls	amod
17	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shout	obj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 listen	cc
19	listen	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 shout	conj
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 echoes	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 echoes	det
22	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 listen	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 torch	punct
24	like	like	ADP	_	26 torch	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 torch	det
26	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 listen	obl
27	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 torch	acl
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 sound	case
29	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 made	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 called	punct
31	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	33 called	nsubj:pass
32	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 called	aux:pass
33	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 torch	acl:relcl
34	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 called	xcomp
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	eat	gerund				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	have	present	Many small eating bats	a second trick		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient
3	shout speech: express	present	People	pitched calls		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Topic
4	pitch	participle				vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	listen	present	People not said here		to the echoes; like a torch	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme
6	make	participle		a torch not said here	of sound	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
7	call	present · passive		a torch		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/1/