Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 2

On a summer evening over a pond you can watch bats swoop and twist after midges; each turn is a bat hearing an echo and snatching an insect it cannot easily see in the dark.

Who acts: you, bats, turn, bat · What happens: watch, swoop, twist, be, hear, snatch · To what, where: bat, echo, insect, dark

This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bats, turn, bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	4 evening	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 evening	det
3	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 evening	compound
4	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 watch	obl
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 pond	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pond	det
7	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 evening	nmod
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 watch	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 watch	aux
10	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 swoop	nsubj
12	swoop	swoop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 watch	xcomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 twist	cc
14	twist	twist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 swoop	conj
15	after	after	ADP	_	16 midges	case
16	midges	midge	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 twist	obl
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 bat	punct
18	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	19 turn	det
19	turn	turn	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 bat	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 bat	cop
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 bat	det
22	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 watch	parataxis
23	hearing	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	22 bat	acl
24	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 echo	det
25	echo	echo	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 hearing	obj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 snatching	cc
27	snatching	snatch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	23 hearing	conj
28	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 insect	det
29	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 snatching	obj
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 see	nsubj
31	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	34 see	aux
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	34 see	advmod
33	easily	easily	ADV	_	34 see	advmod
34	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 insect	acl:relcl
35	in	in	ADP	_	37 dark	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 dark	det
37	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 see	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 watch	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch	can	you			evening		tree rules
2	swoop	infinitive	bats					tree rules
3	twist	infinitive	bats not said here			after midges		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	is a	present	each turn	a bat				tree rules
5	hear	gerund	a bat not said here	a echo				vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus
6	snatch	gerund	a bat not said here	a insect				vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme
7	not see	can	bat	a insect not said here	the dark		easily property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer insect=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/2/