The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens, sentence 1
At dawn howler monkeys roar so loudly they can be heard kilometres away, toucans flick berries into their throats, and a harpy eagle with claws as long as a bear's watches for a sloth.
Who acts: howler monkeys, toucans, harpy eagle · What happens: roar, hear, flick, watch · To what, where: monkeys, berries, throats
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (howler monkeys, toucans, harpy eagle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 dawn | case |
| 2 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 roar | obl |
| 3 | howler | howler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 monkeys | compound |
| 4 | monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 roar | nsubj |
| 5 | roar | roar | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 flick | parataxis |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 7 loudly | advmod |
| 7 | loudly | loudly | ADV | _ | 11 heard | advmod |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 heard | aux |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 heard | aux:pass |
| 11 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 roar | advcl |
| 12 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 away | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | away | away | ADV | _ | 11 heard | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 flick | punct |
| 15 | toucans | toucan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 flick | nsubj |
| 16 | flick | flick | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | berries | berry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 flick | obj |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 throats | case |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 throats | nmod:poss |
| 20 | throats | throat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 flick | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 watches | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 watches | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 eagle | det |
| 24 | harpy | harpy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 eagle | compound |
| 25 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 watches | nsubj |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 claws | case |
| 27 | claws | claw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 eagle | nmod |
| 28 | as | as | ADV | _ | 29 long | advmod |
| 29 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 claws | amod |
| 30 | as | as | ADP | _ | 32 bear | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 bear | det |
| 32 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 watches | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 bear | case |
| 34 | watches | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 flick | conj |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 sloth | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 sloth | det |
| 37 | sloth | sloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 watches | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 roar | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roar | present | howler monkeys | dawn | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | ||||
| 2 | hear | can · passive | monkeys = monkey | away, loudly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | flick | infinitive | toucans | berries | toucans's throats | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent berry=Theme into throat=Destination | |||
| 4 | watch | present | a harpy eagle with claws | for a sloth | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for sloth=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:156-the-amazon-canopy.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/1/