The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider, sentence 5
A big leafcutter nest can hold millions of ants, and they have farmed fungus for millions of years, long before people farmed.
Who acts: big leafcutter nest, ants, people · What happens: hold, farm · To what, where: millions, fungus
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big leafcutter nest, ants, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 nest | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 nest | amod |
| 3 | leafcutter | leafcutter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 nest | compound |
| 4 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hold | nsubj |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 hold | aux |
| 6 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hold | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 ants | case |
| 9 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 millions | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 farmed | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 farmed | cc |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 farmed | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 farmed | aux |
| 14 | farmed | farm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 hold | conj |
| 15 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 farmed | obj |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 millions | case |
| 17 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 farmed | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 years | case |
| 19 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 millions | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 long | punct |
| 21 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 24 farmed | advmod |
| 22 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 24 farmed | mark |
| 23 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 farmed | nsubj |
| 24 | farmed | farm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 hold | advcl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | can | a big leafcutter nest | millions of ants | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | ||||
| 2 | farm | present · perfect | ants = ant | fungus | for millions of years | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient | |||
| 3 | farm | past | people | long property | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/5/