The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider, sentence 8
The bullet ant has one of the most painful insect stings known, and the pain can last for many hours.
Who acts: bullet ant, pain · What happens: have, know, last · To what, where: one, painful insect stings
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bullet ant, pain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ant | det |
| 2 | bullet | bullet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ant | compound |
| 3 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 has | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 stings | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 stings | det |
| 8 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 9 painful | advmod |
| 9 | painful | painful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 stings | amod |
| 10 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stings | compound |
| 11 | stings | sting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 one | nmod |
| 12 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 stings | acl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 last | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 last | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 pain | det |
| 16 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 last | nsubj |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 last | aux |
| 18 | last | last | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 has | conj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 hours | case |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 hours | amod |
| 21 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 last | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the bullet ant | one of the painful insect stings | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | ||||
| 2 | know | participle | the painful insect stings not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | last | can | the pain | hour | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:157-the-amazon-forest-floor.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/8/