Amazon giants and tall tales: anacondas, caimans, electric eels and the candiru, sentence 10

The candiru is a tiny, thin catfish that feeds on the blood of bigger fish by entering their gills; the story of it attacking people rests on very few unclear reports, and scientists doubt most of them.

Who acts: candiru, tiny thin catfish, story, scientists · What happens: be, feed, enter, attack, rest, doubt · To what, where: tiny thin catfish, gills, people, few unclear reports, most

This is a sentence of the lesson «Amazon giants and tall tales: anacondas, caimans, electric eels and the candiru» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (candiru, tiny thin catfish, story, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 candiru	det
2	candiru	candiru	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 catfish	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 catfish	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 catfish	det
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 catfish	amod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 tiny	punct
7	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 catfish	amod
8	catfish	catfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 feeds	nsubj
10	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 catfish	acl:relcl
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 blood	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 blood	det
13	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 feeds	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 fish	case
15	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	16 fish	amod
16	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 blood	nmod
17	by	by	SCONJ	_	18 entering	mark
18	entering	enter	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 feeds	advcl
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 gills	nmod:poss
20	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 entering	obj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 story	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 story	det
23	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 rests	nsubj
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 it	case
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 story	nmod
26	attacking	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	23 story	acl
27	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 attacking	obj
28	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 catfish	parataxis
29	on	on	ADP	_	33 reports	case
30	very	very	ADV	_	31 few	advmod
31	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 reports	amod
32	unclear	unclear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 reports	amod
33	reports	report	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 rests	obl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 doubt	punct
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 doubt	cc
36	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 doubt	nsubj
37	doubt	doubt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 rests	conj
38	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	37 doubt	obj
39	of	of	ADP	_	40 them	case
40	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 most	nmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 catfish	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the candiru	a tiny thin catfish			tree rules
2	feed	present	a tiny thin catfish			on the blood of bigger fish	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on blood=Patient
3	enter	gerund	a tiny thin catfish not said here	eels's gills			vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gill=Destination
4	attack	gerund	the story of candiru not said here	people			vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
5	rest	present	the story of candiru		few unclear reports		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on report=Location
6	doubt	present	scientists	most of eels			vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales/10/