The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 1
A silverback gorilla beats his chest with cupped hands, and the popping drum sound tells rivals how big he is, often so a real fight is not needed.
Who acts: silverback gorilla, popping drum sound, sound · What happens: beat, cup, pop, tell, be, not need · To what, where: chest, rivals, real fight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (silverback gorilla, popping drum sound, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 gorilla | det |
| 2 | silverback | silverback | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gorilla | compound |
| 3 | gorilla | gorilla | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 beats | nsubj |
| 4 | beats | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 chest | nmod:poss |
| 6 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 beats | obj |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 hands | case |
| 8 | cupped | cup | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 hands | amod |
| 9 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 beats | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 tells | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 tells | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 sound | det |
| 13 | popping | pop | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 sound | amod |
| 14 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sound | compound |
| 15 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 tells | nsubj |
| 16 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 beats | conj |
| 17 | rivals | rival | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tells | iobj |
| 18 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 big | advmod |
| 19 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 tells | ccomp |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 big | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 big | cop |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 needed | punct |
| 23 | often | often | ADV | _ | 30 needed | advmod |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 needed | advmod |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 fight | det |
| 26 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 fight | amod |
| 27 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 needed | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 needed | aux:pass |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 needed | advmod |
| 30 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 tells | advcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 beats | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | present | a silverback gorilla | Earth's chest | with cupped hands | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent chest=Patient with hand=Instrument | |||
| 2 | cup | participle | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | pop | gerund | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | present | the popping drum sound | rivals | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rival=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | sound | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | not need | present · passive | a real fight | often property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/1/