The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 10

African forest elephants are smaller than savanna elephants, with straighter tusks that point down, and they spread the seeds of many big trees.

Who acts: African forest elephants, straighter tusks, elephants · What happens: be, point down, spread · To what, where: seeds

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African forest elephants, straighter tusks, elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 elephants	amod
2	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 elephants	compound
3	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 smaller	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 smaller	cop
5	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 elephants	case
7	savanna	savanna	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 elephants	compound
8	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 smaller	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tusks	punct
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 tusks	case
11	straighter	straight	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 tusks	amod
12	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 smaller	obl
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 point	nsubj
14	point	point	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 tusks	acl:relcl
15	down	down	ADV	_	14 point	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 spread	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 spread	cc
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 spread	nsubj
19	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 smaller	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 seeds	det
21	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 spread	obj
22	of	of	ADP	_	25 trees	case
23	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 trees	amod
24	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 trees	amod
25	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 seeds	nmod
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 smaller	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	African forest elephants		than savanna elephants; with straighter tusks; small property	tree rules
2	point down	present	straighter tusks		down property	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	spread	present	elephants = elephant	the seeds of many big trees		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seed=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/10/