The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants, sentence 11

The pangolin is covered in hard overlapping scales made of keratin, like fingernails, has no teeth, and licks up ants and termites with a very long tongue.

What happens: cover, make, have, lick up · To what, where: pangolin, hard overlapping scales, teeth, ants

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pangolin	det
2	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 scales	case
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 scales	amod
7	overlapping	overlap	ADJ	_	8 scales	amod
8	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 covered	obl
9	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 scales	acl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 keratin	case
11	keratin	keratin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 made	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 fingernails	punct
13	like	like	ADP	_	14 fingernails	case
14	fingernails	fingernail	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 keratin	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 has	punct
16	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	conj
17	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	18 teeth	det
18	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 has	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 licks	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 licks	cc
21	licks	lick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	conj
22	up	up	ADP	_	21 licks	compound:prt
23	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 licks	obj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 termites	cc
25	termites	termite	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 ants	conj
26	with	with	ADP	_	30 tongue	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 tongue	det
28	very	very	ADV	_	29 long	advmod
29	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 tongue	amod
30	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 licks	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 covered	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive	the pangolin	in hard overlapping scales	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme
2	make	participle	hard overlapping scales not said here	of keratin and fingernails	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	have	present	no teeth		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
4	lick up	present	ants and termites	with a long tongue	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ant=Experiencer with tongue=Instrument

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/11/