The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 11
Gorillas and chimps walk on all fours leaning on their knuckles, while orangutans walk on their fists or the sides of their hands.
Who acts: Gorillas, orangutans · What happens: walk, lean · To what, where: fours, knuckles, fists
This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gorillas, orangutans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gorillas | gorilla | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 walk | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 chimps | cc |
| 3 | chimps | chimp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Gorillas | conj |
| 4 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 fours | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 fours | det |
| 7 | fours | four | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 walk | obl |
| 8 | leaning | lean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 walk | advcl |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 knuckles | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 knuckles | nmod:poss |
| 11 | knuckles | knuckle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 leaning | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 walk | punct |
| 13 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 15 walk | mark |
| 14 | orangutans | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 walk | nsubj |
| 15 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 walk | advcl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 fists | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 fists | nmod:poss |
| 18 | fists | fist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 walk | obl |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 sides | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sides | det |
| 21 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fists | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 hands | case |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hands | nmod:poss |
| 24 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 sides | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 walk | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | present | Gorillas and chimps | all fours | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on four=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | lean | gerund | Gorillas and chimps not said here | gorillas's knuckles | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on knuckle=Location | ||||
| 3 | walk | present | orangutans | gorillas's fists or the sides of gorillas's hands | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fist=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/11/