The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 12
In the mirror test, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans touch a mark put on their face, showing they know the reflection is themselves; most animals, like cats and dogs, act as if it is another animal.
Who acts: orangutans, most animals, reflection · What happens: touch, put, show, know, be, act · To what, where: mark, mirror test, face, reflection, orangutans, animal · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (orangutans, most animals, reflection), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 test | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 test | det |
| 3 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 test | compound |
| 4 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 touch | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 chimpanzees | punct |
| 6 | chimpanzees | chimpanzee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 test | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 bonobos | punct |
| 8 | bonobos | bonobo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 chimpanzees | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 orangutans | cc |
| 10 | orangutans | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 bonobos | conj |
| 11 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 mark | det |
| 13 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 touch | obj |
| 14 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 mark | acl |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 face | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 face | nmod:poss |
| 17 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 put | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 showing | punct |
| 19 | showing | show | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 touch | advcl |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 know | nsubj |
| 21 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 showing | ccomp |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 reflection | det |
| 23 | reflection | reflection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 know | obj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 themselves | cop |
| 25 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 23 reflection | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 animals | punct |
| 27 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 28 animals | amod |
| 28 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 act | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 act | punct |
| 30 | like | like | ADP | _ | 31 cats | case |
| 31 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 animals | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 dogs | cc |
| 33 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 cats | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 cats | punct |
| 35 | act | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 know | ccomp |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 animal | mark |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 41 animal | mark |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 animal | nsubj |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 animal | cop |
| 40 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 animal | det |
| 41 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 act | advcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 touch | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | touch | present | a mark | the mirror test and chimpanzees and bonobos and orangutans | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mark=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | put | participle | a mark not said here | orangutans's face | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on face=Destination | ||||
| 3 | show | gerund | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | know | present | orangutans = orangutan | the reflection | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | orangutans = orangutan | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | act | present | most animals like cats and dogs | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is a | present | reflection | another animal | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/12/