The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 14
In 2024 scientists in Sumatra reported that an orangutan called Rakus chewed a medicinal plant and spread the juice on a wound on his face, the first wild animal seen treating a wound this way.
Who acts: scientists, orangutan · What happens: report, call, chew, spread, see, treat · To what, where: 2024, orangutan, medicinal plant, juice, wound, first wild animal · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, orangutan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2024 | case |
| 2 | 2024 | 2024 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 reported | obl |
| 3 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 reported | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 Sumatra | case |
| 5 | Sumatra | Sumatra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 scientists | nmod |
| 6 | reported | report | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 chewed | mark |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 orangutan | det |
| 9 | orangutan | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 chewed | nsubj |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 orangutan | acl |
| 11 | Rakus | Rakus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 called | xcomp |
| 12 | chewed | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 reported | ccomp |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 plant | det |
| 14 | medicinal | medicinal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 plant | amod |
| 15 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 chewed | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 spread | cc |
| 17 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 chewed | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 juice | det |
| 19 | juice | juice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spread | obj |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 wound | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 wound | det |
| 22 | wound | wound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spread | obl |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 face | case |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 face | nmod:poss |
| 25 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 wound | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 chewed | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 animal | det |
| 28 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 30 animal | amod |
| 29 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 animal | amod |
| 30 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 orangutan | appos |
| 31 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 animal | acl |
| 32 | treating | treat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 seen | advcl |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 wound | det |
| 34 | wound | wound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 treating | obj |
| 35 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 36 way | det |
| 36 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 treating | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 reported | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | past | scientists in Sumatra | 2024 | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | a orangutan not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | chew | past | a orangutan | a medicinal plant | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | ||||
| 4 | spread | past | a orangutan not said here | the juice | a wound on Rakus's face | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent juice=Theme on wound=Destination | |||
| 5 | see | participle | the first wild animal not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | treat | gerund | a wound | this way obl:unmarked | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wound=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/14/