The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, sentence 15
All great apes are endangered; orangutans live only on Borneo and Sumatra, where forest is cut down for farms and oil palm, and some products now show if their palm oil was grown without clearing rainforest.
Who acts: great apes, orangutans, products · What happens: be, live, cut down, show, grow, clear · To what, where: Borneo, forest, palm oil, rainforest
This is a sentence of the lesson «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great apes, orangutans, products), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 apes | det |
| 2 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 apes | amod |
| 3 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 endangered | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 endangered | cop |
| 5 | endangered | endangered | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 live | punct |
| 7 | orangutans | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 live | nsubj |
| 8 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 endangered | parataxis |
| 9 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 live | advmod |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 Borneo | case |
| 11 | Borneo | Borneo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 live | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Sumatra | cc |
| 13 | Sumatra | Sumatra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Borneo | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 forest | punct |
| 15 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 cut | advmod |
| 16 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 cut | aux:pass |
| 18 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 Borneo | acl:relcl |
| 19 | down | down | ADP | _ | 18 cut | compound:prt |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 farms | case |
| 21 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cut | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 palm | cc |
| 23 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 palm | compound |
| 24 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 farms | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 show | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 show | cc |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 products | det |
| 28 | products | product | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 show | nsubj |
| 29 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 30 show | advmod |
| 30 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 endangered | conj |
| 31 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 grown | mark |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 oil | nmod:poss |
| 33 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 oil | compound |
| 34 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 grown | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 grown | aux:pass |
| 36 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 show | ccomp |
| 37 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 38 clearing | mark |
| 38 | clearing | clear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 grown | advcl |
| 39 | rainforest | rainforest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 clearing | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 endangered | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | all great apes | endangered property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | present | orangutans | Borneo and Sumatra | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on borneo=Location | ||||
| 3 | cut down | present · passive | forest | for farms and oil palm | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for farm=Asset | ||||
| 4 | show | present | some products | now | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | grow a condition, not said to happen | past · passive | orangutans's palm oil | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | clear | gerund | rainforest | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent rainforest=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:016-the-great-apes.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/15/