The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 10
Hippos make a red oily fluid on their skin that works like sunscreen and helps stop germs, often called blood sweat, though it is not blood or sweat.
Who acts: Hippos, red oily fluid, germs, fluid · What happens: make, work, help, stop, call, not be · To what, where: red oily fluid, skin, germs, blood sweat, blood · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos, red oily fluid, germs, fluid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hippos | hippo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 make | nsubj |
| 2 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 fluid | det |
| 4 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 fluid | amod |
| 5 | oily | oily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 fluid | amod |
| 6 | fluid | fluid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 make | obj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 skin | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 skin | nmod:poss |
| 9 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 make | obl |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 works | nsubj |
| 11 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 fluid | acl:relcl |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 sunscreen | case |
| 13 | sunscreen | sunscreen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 works | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 helps | cc |
| 15 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 works | conj |
| 16 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 helps | xcomp |
| 17 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 stop | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 called | punct |
| 19 | often | often | ADV | _ | 20 called | advmod |
| 20 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 germs | acl |
| 21 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sweat | compound |
| 22 | sweat | sweat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 called | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 blood | punct |
| 24 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 28 blood | mark |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 blood | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 blood | cop |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 blood | advmod |
| 28 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 called | advcl |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 sweat | cc |
| 30 | sweat | sweat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 blood | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 make | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Hippos | a red oily fluid | hippos's skin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fluid=Product | |||
| 2 | work | present | a red oily fluid | like sunscreen | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | help | present | a red oily fluid not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | stop | infinitive | a red oily fluid not said here | germs | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality germ=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | call | participle | germs not said here | blood sweat | often property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 6 | not is a | present | fluid | blood or sweat | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/10/