The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 9

Hippos cannot really swim; they are so heavy they sink, so they walk or bounce along the bottom with ears and nostrils closed, and come up to breathe.

Who acts: Hippos · What happens: not swim, be, sink, walk, bounce, close · To what, where: bottom, ears

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hippos	hippo	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swim	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 swim	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 swim	advmod
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 swim	advmod
5	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 swim	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 heavy	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 heavy	cop
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 heavy	advmod
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swim	parataxis
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 sink	nsubj
12	sink	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 heavy	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 walk	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	16 walk	advmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 walk	nsubj
16	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 sink	conj
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 bounce	cc
18	bounce	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 walk	conj
19	along	along	ADP	_	21 bottom	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 bottom	det
21	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 walk	obl
22	with	with	ADP	_	23 ears	case
23	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 bottom	nmod
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 nostrils	cc
25	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 ears	conj
26	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	23 ears	acl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 come	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 come	cc
29	come	come	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	10 heavy	parataxis
30	up	up	ADV	_	29 come	advmod
31	to	to	PART	_	32 breathe	mark
32	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 come	advcl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 swim	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not swim	can	Hippos				vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	hippos = hippo			heavy property	tree rules
3	sink	present	hippos = hippo				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	walk	present	hippos = hippo		the bottom with ears and nostrils		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
5	bounce	present	hippos = hippo not said here				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	close	participle		ears and nostrils not said here			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	come up	infinitive					vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	breathe	to-infinitive					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/9/