The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 14
The African forest buffalo is a smaller, reddish cousin of the savanna buffalo, with swept-back horns that fit dense forest.
Who acts: African forest buffalo, swept horns · What happens: be, sweep, fit · To what, where: smaller reddish cousin, dense forest
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African forest buffalo, swept horns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 buffalo | det |
| 2 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 buffalo | amod |
| 3 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 buffalo | compound |
| 4 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cousin | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 cousin | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 cousin | det |
| 7 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 cousin | amod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 smaller | punct |
| 9 | reddish | reddish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 cousin | amod |
| 10 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 buffalo | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 buffalo | det |
| 13 | savanna | savanna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 buffalo | compound |
| 14 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cousin | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 horns | punct |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 horns | case |
| 17 | swept | sweep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 horns | amod |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 back | punct |
| 19 | back | back | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 swept | conj |
| 20 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 cousin | nmod |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 fit | nsubj |
| 22 | fit | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 horns | acl:relcl |
| 23 | dense | dense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 forest | amod |
| 24 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fit | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 cousin | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the African forest buffalo | a smaller reddish cousin | of the savanna buffalo; with swept horns | tree rules | |||
| 2 | sweep | participle | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | fit | present | swept horns | dense forest | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/14/