The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds, sentence 15

The hammer-headed bat is the largest bat in Africa, and males have huge heads to make loud honking calls that females listen to.

Who acts: headed bat, males, females · What happens: head, be, have, make, listen · To what, where: largest bat, Africa, huge heads, loud honking calls

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headed bat, males, females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bat	det
2	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 headed	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 hammer	punct
4	headed	head	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bat	amod
5	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bat	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 bat	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bat	det
8	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 bat	amod
9	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 Africa	case
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 bat	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 have	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 have	cc
14	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 have	nsubj
15	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 bat	conj
16	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 heads	amod
17	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 have	obj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 make	mark
19	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 heads	acl
20	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 calls	amod
21	honking	honk	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 calls	compound
22	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 make	obj
23	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	25 listen	obl
24	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 listen	nsubj
25	listen	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 calls	acl:relcl
26	to	to	ADP	_	23 that	case
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 bat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	head	participle					vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the headed bat	the largest bat	Africa		tree rules
3	have	present	males	huge heads			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient
4	make	to-infinitive	males not said here	loud honking calls			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product
5	listen	present	females			to loud honking calls	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to that=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:160-the-congo-river.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/160-the-congo-river/15/