Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris, sentence 8
The sun bear is the smallest bear and has a very long tongue for licking honey and insects; its loose skin lets it twist round and bite a predator that grabs it from behind.
Who acts: sun bear, long tongue, loose skin, skin, predator · What happens: be, have, lick, let, twist, bite · To what, where: smallest bear, long tongue, honey, predator
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun bear, long tongue, loose skin, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bear | det |
| 2 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bear | compound |
| 3 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bear | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 bear | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bear | det |
| 6 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 bear | amod |
| 7 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 has | cc |
| 9 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 bear | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 tongue | det |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 long | advmod |
| 12 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 tongue | amod |
| 13 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 has | obj |
| 14 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 licking | mark |
| 15 | licking | lick | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 tongue | acl |
| 16 | honey | honey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 licking | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 insects | cc |
| 18 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 honey | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 lets | punct |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 skin | nmod:poss |
| 21 | loose | loose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 skin | amod |
| 22 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lets | nsubj |
| 23 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 has | parataxis |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 twist | nsubj |
| 25 | twist | twist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 lets | xcomp |
| 26 | round | round | ADV | _ | 25 twist | advmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 bite | cc |
| 28 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 twist | conj |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 predator | det |
| 30 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bite | obj |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 grabs | nsubj |
| 32 | grabs | grab | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 predator | acl:relcl |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 grabs | obj |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 behind | case |
| 35 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 32 grabs | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 bear | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the sun bear | the smallest bear | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have | present | the sun bear not said here | a long tongue | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient | ||||
| 3 | lick | gerund | a long tongue not said here | honey and insects | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent honey=Theme | ||||
| 4 | let | present | bear's loose skin | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | twist | infinitive | skin | round property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | bite | infinitive | skin not said here | a predator | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predator=Patient | ||||
| 7 | grab | present | a predator | predator | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from behind=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/8/