Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa, sentence 1

Lemurs are primates, cousins of monkeys and apes, and with no monkeys on the island to compete they spread into about a hundred kinds, from one smaller than a hamster to the singing indri.

Who acts: Lemurs · What happens: be, compete, spread, sing · To what, where: primates, hundred kinds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lemurs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 primates	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 primates	cop
3	primates	primate	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 cousins	punct
5	cousins	cousin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 primates	conj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 monkeys	case
7	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cousins	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 apes	cc
9	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 monkeys	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 monkeys	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 monkeys	cc
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 monkeys	case
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 monkeys	det
14	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 primates	conj
15	on	on	ADP	_	17 island	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 island	det
17	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 monkeys	nmod
18	to	to	PART	_	19 compete	mark
19	compete	compete	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 monkeys	acl
20	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 spread	nsubj
21	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 primates	conj
22	into	into	ADP	_	26 kinds	case
23	about	about	ADV	_	25 hundred	advmod
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 hundred	det
25	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 kinds	nummod
26	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 spread	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 smaller	punct
28	from	from	ADP	_	30 smaller	case
29	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 smaller	nsubj
30	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	21 spread	conj
31	than	than	ADP	_	33 hamster	case
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 hamster	det
33	hamster	hamster	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 smaller	obl
34	to	to	ADP	_	37 indri	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 indri	det
36	singing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	37 indri	amod
37	indri	indri	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 hamster	nmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 primates	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	Lemurs	primates and cousins of monkeys and apes and no monkeys on the island		tree rules
2	compete	to-infinitive	Lemurs not said here			vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	spread	present	Lemurs = lemur		hundred kinds	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into kind=Destination
4	sing speech: express	gerund				vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/1/