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Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 6

Brookesia nana, described in 2021, is one of the smallest reptiles known, small enough to sit on a fingertip, and was found by scientists searching leaves with torches at night.

Who acts: scientists · What happens: describe, be, know, sit, find, search · To what, where: Brookesia nana, 2021, one, smallest reptiles, fingertip, leaves

This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

compoundpunctaclcaseoblpunctcopapposcasedetamodnmodaclpunctamodadvmodmarkadvclcasedetoblpunctccaux:passparataxiscaseoblaclobjcaseoblcaseoblpunctrootBrookesiaPROPNnanaNOUN,PUNCTdescribedVERBinADP2021NUM,PUNCTisAUXoneNUMofADPtheDETsmallestADJreptilesNOUNknownVERB,PUNCTsmallADJenoughADVtoPARTsitVERBonADPaDETfingertipNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJwasAUXfoundVERBbyADPscientistsNOUNsearchingVERBleavesNOUNwithADPtorchesNOUNatADPnightNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1BrookesiaBrookesiaPROPNNumber=Sing2 nanacompound
2nanananaNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
3,,PUNCT_4 describedpunct
4describeddescribeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass2 nanaacl
5ininADP_6 2021case
620212021NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card4 describedobl
7,,PUNCT_9 onepunct
8isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin9 onecop
9oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card2 nanaappos
10ofofADP_13 reptilescase
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 reptilesdet
12smallestsmallADJDegree=Sup13 reptilesamod
13reptilesreptileNOUNNumber=Plur9 onenmod
14knownknowVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass13 reptilesacl
15,,PUNCT_13 reptilespunct
16smallsmallADJDegree=Pos13 reptilesamod
17enoughenoughADV_16 smalladvmod
18totoPART_19 sitmark
19sitsitVERBVerbForm=Inf16 smalladvcl
20ononADP_22 fingertipcase
21aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art22 fingertipdet
22fingertipfingertipNOUNNumber=Sing19 sitobl
23,,PUNCT_26 foundpunct
24andandCCONJ_26 foundcc
25wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin26 foundaux:pass
26foundfindVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass2 nanaparataxis
27bybyADP_28 scientistscase
28scientistsscientistNOUNNumber=Plur26 foundobl
29searchingsearchVERBVerbForm=Ger28 scientistsacl
30leavesleafNOUNNumber=Plur29 searchingobj
31withwithADP_32 torchescase
32torchestorchNOUNNumber=Plur29 searchingobl
33atatADP_34 nightcase
34nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing29 searchingobl
35..PUNCT_2 nanapunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1describeparticipleBrookesia nana not said here2021vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2is apresentoneof the smallest reptilestree rules
3knowparticiplethe smallest reptiles not said herevn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4sitto-infinitivea fingertipvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on fingertip=Location
5findpast · passivescientistsvn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
6searchgerundscientists not said hereleavesnightwith torchesvn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/6/