Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted, sentence 6
Brookesia nana, described in 2021, is one of the smallest reptiles known, small enough to sit on a fingertip, and was found by scientists searching leaves with torches at night.
Who acts: scientists · What happens: describe, be, know, sit, find, search · To what, where: Brookesia nana, 2021, one, smallest reptiles, fingertip, leaves
This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brookesia | Brookesia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 nana | compound |
| 2 | nana | nana | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 described | punct |
| 4 | described | describe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 nana | acl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 2021 | case |
| 6 | 2021 | 2021 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 described | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 one | punct |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 one | cop |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 nana | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 reptiles | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 reptiles | det |
| 12 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 13 reptiles | amod |
| 13 | reptiles | reptile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 one | nmod |
| 14 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 reptiles | acl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 reptiles | punct |
| 16 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 reptiles | amod |
| 17 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 16 small | advmod |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 sit | mark |
| 19 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 small | advcl |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 fingertip | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 fingertip | det |
| 22 | fingertip | fingertip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sit | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 found | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 found | cc |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 found | aux:pass |
| 26 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 nana | parataxis |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 scientists | case |
| 28 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 found | obl |
| 29 | searching | search | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 scientists | acl |
| 30 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 searching | obj |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 torches | case |
| 32 | torches | torch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 searching | obl |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 night | case |
| 34 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 searching | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 nana | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | describe | participle | Brookesia nana not said here | 2021 | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | one | of the smallest reptiles | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | know | participle | the smallest reptiles not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | sit | to-infinitive | a fingertip | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on fingertip=Location | |||||
| 5 | find | past · passive | scientists | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | search | gerund | scientists not said here | leaves | night | with torches | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/6/