Australia's venomous animals and why few people die, sentence 1

The reasons are simple: most of these animals are shy and bite only when grabbed or stepped on, antivenoms (medicines that undo venom) exist for the worst ones, and people learn rules like checking under the outdoor toilet seat and swimming inside stinger nets.

Who acts: reasons, most, medicines, antivenoms, people · What happens: be, bite, grab, step, undo, exist · To what, where: venom, rules, outdoor toilet seat, stinger nets

This is a sentence of the lesson «Australia's venomous animals and why few people die» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reasons, most, medicines, antivenoms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reasons	det
2	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 simple	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 simple	cop
4	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 shy	punct
6	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 shy	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 animals	case
8	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 animals	det
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 most	nmod
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 shy	cop
11	shy	shy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 simple	parataxis
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 bite	cc
13	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 shy	conj
14	only	only	ADV	_	16 grabbed	advmod
15	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	16 grabbed	advmod
16	grabbed	grab	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 bite	advcl
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 stepped	cc
18	stepped	step	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 grabbed	conj
19	on	on	ADP	_	21 antivenoms	case
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 on	punct
21	antivenoms	antivenom	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 exist	nsubj
22	(	(	PUNCT	_	23 medicines	punct
23	medicines	medicine	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 antivenoms	appos
24	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	25 undo	nsubj
25	undo	undo	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 medicines	acl:relcl
26	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 undo	obj
27	)	)	PUNCT	_	23 medicines	punct
28	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 shy	conj
29	for	for	ADP	_	32 ones	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 ones	det
31	worst	bad	ADJ	Degree=Sup	32 ones	amod
32	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 exist	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 learn	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 learn	cc
35	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 learn	nsubj
36	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 exist	conj
37	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 learn	obj
38	like	like	SCONJ	_	39 checking	mark
39	checking	check	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	36 learn	advcl
40	under	under	ADP	_	44 seat	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 seat	det
42	outdoor	outdoor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 seat	amod
43	toilet	toilet	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 seat	compound
44	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 checking	obl
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 swimming	cc
46	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	39 checking	conj
47	inside	inside	ADP	_	49 nets	case
48	stinger	stinger	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 nets	compound
49	nets	net	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 swimming	obl
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 simple	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	the reasons			simple property	tree rules
2	is	present	most of this animals			shy property	tree rules
3	bite	present	most of this animals not said here				vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4	grab	participle	most of this animals not said here				vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	step	participle	most of this animals not said here				vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	undo	present	medicines	venom			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent venom=Patient
7	exist	present	antivenoms			for the worst ones	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	learn	present	people	rules			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic
9	check	gerund	people not said here		the outdoor toilet seat		vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under seat=Location
10	swim	gerund	people not said here		stinger nets		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside net=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die/1/