The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 13
Permafrost is ground that stays frozen all year; in summer only a thin top layer thaws into mud, and scientists have found frozen woolly mammoths and ancient seeds in it.
Who acts: Permafrost, ground, thin top layer, scientists · What happens: be, stay, freeze, thaw, find · To what, where: ground, mud, frozen woolly mammoths, layer
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Permafrost, ground, thin top layer, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Permafrost | permafrost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ground | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 ground | cop |
| 3 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 stays | nsubj |
| 5 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 ground | acl:relcl |
| 6 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 stays | xcomp |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 year | det |
| 8 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stays | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 summer | punct |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 summer | case |
| 11 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 thaws | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 16 layer | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 layer | det |
| 14 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 layer | amod |
| 15 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 layer | compound |
| 16 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 thaws | nsubj |
| 17 | thaws | thaw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 ground | parataxis |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 19 mud | case |
| 19 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 thaws | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 found | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 found | cc |
| 22 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 found | nsubj |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 found | aux |
| 24 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 thaws | conj |
| 25 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 mammoths | amod |
| 26 | woolly | woolly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 mammoths | amod |
| 27 | mammoths | mammoth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 found | obj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 seeds | cc |
| 29 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 seeds | amod |
| 30 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 mammoths | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 it | case |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 found | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ground | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Permafrost | ground | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stay | present | ground | year | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | freeze | participle | ground not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | thaw | present | a thin top layer | mud | summer | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 5 | find | present · perfect | scientists | frozen woolly mammoths and ancient seeds | layer | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mammoth=Topic | |||
| 6 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/13/