The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings, sentence 9

Snowy owls hunt lemmings and can hear them moving under the snow, and they hunt by day as well as at night because Arctic summer days never get dark.

Who acts: Snowy owls, lemmings, Arctic summer days · What happens: hunt, hear, move, not get · To what, where: lemmings, snow

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snowy owls, lemmings, Arctic summer days), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snowy	snowy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 owls	amod
2	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	nsubj
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 hear	cc
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 hear	aux
7	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 hunt	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 hear	obj
9	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 hear	xcomp
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 snow	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 snow	det
12	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 moving	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 hunt	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 hunt	cc
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 hunt	nsubj
16	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunt	conj
17	by	by	ADP	_	18 day	case
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hunt	obl
19	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	16 hunt	advmod
20	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	19 as	fixed
21	as	as	ADP	_	19 as	fixed
22	at	at	ADP	_	23 night	case
23	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 as	obl
24	because	because	SCONJ	_	29 get	mark
25	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 days	amod
26	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 days	compound
27	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 get	nsubj
28	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	29 get	advmod
29	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 hunt	advcl
30	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 get	xcomp
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hunt	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	Snowy owls	lemmings				vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lemming=Theme
2	hear	can	Snowy owls not said here	lemmings = lemming				tree rules
3	move	gerund	lemmings = lemming not said here		the snow			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme under snow=Trajectory
4	hunt	present	lemmings = lemming			day		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	not get	present	Arctic summer days				dark property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/9/