The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 14
Harp seal pups are born white on the ice, turn grey after a few weeks, and grow very fast on milk that is about half fat, building a thick layer of fat called blubber before they must swim in icy water.
Who acts: milk, fat, pups · What happens: bear, turn, grow, be, build, call · To what, where: seal pups, ice, milk, half fat, thick layer, blubber · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (milk, fat, pups), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harp | harp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 seal | compound |
| 2 | seal | seal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pups | compound |
| 3 | pups | pup | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 born | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 born | aux:pass |
| 5 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 born | xcomp |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 ice | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ice | det |
| 9 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 born | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 turn | punct |
| 11 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 born | conj |
| 12 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 turn | xcomp |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 16 weeks | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 weeks | det |
| 15 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 weeks | amod |
| 16 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 turn | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 grow | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 grow | cc |
| 19 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 born | conj |
| 20 | very | very | ADV | _ | 21 fast | advmod |
| 21 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 grow | advmod |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 milk | case |
| 23 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 grow | obl |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 fat | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 fat | cop |
| 26 | about | about | ADV | _ | 27 half | advmod |
| 27 | half | half | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 28 fat | amod |
| 28 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 milk | acl:relcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 building | punct |
| 30 | building | build | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 grow | advcl |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 layer | det |
| 32 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 layer | amod |
| 33 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 building | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 fat | case |
| 35 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 layer | nmod |
| 36 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 fat | acl |
| 37 | blubber | blubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 called | xcomp |
| 38 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 41 swim | mark |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 swim | nsubj |
| 40 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 swim | aux |
| 41 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 building | advcl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 water | case |
| 43 | icy | icy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 water | amod |
| 44 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 swim | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 born | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · passive | seal pups | the ice | white property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | turn | infinitive | week | grey property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | present | milk | fast property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on milk=Location | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | milk | half fat | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | build | gerund | a thick layer of fat | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset layer=Product | |||||
| 6 | call | participle | fat not said here | blubber | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | swim | must | pups = pup | icy water | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/14/