The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 15

In the Middle Ages narwhal tusks were sold in Europe as unicorn horns; a narwhal's tusk is a tooth that grows out through its lip in a spiral, mostly in males.

Who acts: tusk, tooth · What happens: sell, be, grow out · To what, where: narwhal tusks, Middle Ages, tooth, lip

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tusk, tooth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 Ages	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Ages	det
3	Middle	Middle	PROPN	_	4 Ages	compound
4	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 sold	obl
5	narwhal	narwhal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tusks	compound
6	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sold	nsubj:pass
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 sold	aux:pass
8	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Europe	case
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 sold	obl
11	as	as	ADP	_	13 horns	case
12	unicorn	unicorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 horns	compound
13	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sold	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 tooth	punct
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 narwhal	det
16	narwhal	narwhal	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 tusk	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 narwhal	case
18	tusk	tusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 tooth	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 tooth	cop
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 tooth	det
21	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sold	parataxis
22	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 grows	nsubj
23	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 tooth	acl:relcl
24	out	out	ADP	_	23 grows	compound:prt
25	through	through	ADP	_	27 lip	case
26	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 lip	nmod:poss
27	lip	lip	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 grows	obl
28	in	in	ADP	_	30 spiral	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 spiral	det
30	spiral	spiral	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 grows	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 males	punct
32	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	34 males	advmod
33	in	in	ADP	_	34 males	case
34	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 grows	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 sold	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	past · passive		narwhal tusks		in the Middle Ages	in Europe; as unicorn horns	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is a	present	a narwhal's tusk	a tooth				tree rules
3	grow out	present	a tooth		tooth's lip		in a spiral; in males	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through lip=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/15/