The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 2
Under the ice swim some of the oldest animals on Earth: bowhead whales that may live over two hundred years and Greenland sharks that may live about four hundred, so a shark alive today could have been born before your great-great-great-great-grandparents.
Who acts: bowhead whales, Greenland sharks · What happens: swim, live, bear · To what, where: some, ice, four hundred, shark
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bowhead whales, Greenland sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Under | under | ADP | _ | 3 ice | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ice | det |
| 3 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swim | obl |
| 4 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 swim | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 animals | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 animals | det |
| 8 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 animals | amod |
| 9 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 some | nmod |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 Earth | case |
| 11 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 animals | nmod |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 whales | punct |
| 13 | bowhead | bowhead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 whales | compound |
| 14 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 some | appos |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 live | nsubj |
| 16 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 live | aux |
| 17 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 whales | acl:relcl |
| 18 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 years | case |
| 19 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 hundred | compound |
| 20 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 years | nummod |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 live | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 sharks | cc |
| 23 | Greenland | Greenland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 sharks | compound |
| 24 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 whales | conj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 live | nsubj |
| 26 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 live | aux |
| 27 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 sharks | acl:relcl |
| 28 | about | about | ADP | _ | 30 hundred | case |
| 29 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 hundred | compound |
| 30 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 27 live | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 born | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 born | advmod |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 shark | det |
| 34 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 born | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 shark | amod |
| 36 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 alive | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 born | aux |
| 38 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 born | aux |
| 39 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 born | aux:pass |
| 40 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 swim | parataxis |
| 41 | before | before | ADP | _ | 51 grandparents | case |
| 42 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 grandparents | nmod:poss |
| 43 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 grandparents | amod |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 great | punct |
| 45 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 grandparents | amod |
| 46 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 great | punct |
| 47 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 grandparents | amod |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 great | punct |
| 49 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 grandparents | amod |
| 50 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 great | punct |
| 51 | grandparents | grandparent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 born | obl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 swim | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present | some | the ice | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme some=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | live | may | bowhead whales and Greenland sharks | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | live | may | Greenland sharks | four hundred | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme hundred=Location | ||||
| 4 | bear | could · perfect · passive | a shark | before your great great great great grandparents | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/2/