The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 6
Bowhead whales can smash through ice with their heads to make breathing holes, and they may live for over two hundred years; old harpoon tips from the 1800s have been found in living whales.
Who acts: Bowhead whales, whales · What happens: smash, make, live, find · To what, where: ice, breathing holes, old harpoon tips
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bowhead whales, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bowhead | bowhead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 whales | compound |
| 2 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 smash | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 smash | aux |
| 4 | smash | smash | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 ice | case |
| 6 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 smash | obl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 heads | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 heads | nmod:poss |
| 9 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 smash | obl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 make | mark |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 smash | advcl |
| 12 | breathing | breathing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 holes | compound |
| 13 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 live | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 live | cc |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 live | nsubj |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 live | aux |
| 18 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 smash | conj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 years | case |
| 20 | over | over | ADV | _ | 22 hundred | advmod |
| 21 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 years | nummod |
| 22 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 two | flat |
| 23 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 live | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 found | punct |
| 25 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 tips | amod |
| 26 | harpoon | harpoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 tips | compound |
| 27 | tips | tip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 found | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 1800s | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 1800s | det |
| 30 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 27 tips | nmod |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 found | aux |
| 32 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 found | aux:pass |
| 33 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 smash | parataxis |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 whales | case |
| 35 | living | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 whales | amod |
| 36 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 found | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 smash | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | smash | can | Bowhead whales | ice | with whales's heads | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with head=Instrument | |||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | Bowhead whales not said here | breathing holes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product | ||||
| 3 | live | may | whales = whale | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | find | present · perfect · passive | old harpoon tips from the 1800s | in living whales | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/6/