The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 7

The Greenland shark is the longest-lived animal with a backbone known, perhaps living about four hundred years, and scientists measured its age using a kind of carbon clock in the lens of its eye.

Who acts: Greenland shark, scientists · What happens: live, be, know, measure, use · To what, where: lived animal, backbone, age, kind, lens

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Greenland shark, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 shark	det
2	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 shark	compound
3	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 animal	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 animal	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 animal	det
6	longest	long	ADV	Degree=Sup	8 lived	advmod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 longest	punct
8	lived	live	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 animal	amod
9	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 backbone	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 backbone	det
12	backbone	backbone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 animal	nmod
13	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 backbone	acl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 living	punct
15	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	16 living	advmod
16	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 known	xcomp
17	about	about	ADV	_	19 hundred	advmod
18	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 years	nummod
19	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 four	flat
20	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 living	obl:unmarked
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 measured	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 measured	cc
23	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 measured	nsubj
24	measured	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 animal	conj
25	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 age	nmod:poss
26	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 measured	obj
27	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	24 measured	advcl
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 kind	det
29	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 using	obj
30	of	of	ADP	_	32 clock	case
31	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 clock	compound
32	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 kind	nmod
33	in	in	ADP	_	35 lens	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 lens	det
35	lens	lens	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 using	obl
36	of	of	ADP	_	38 eye	case
37	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 eye	nmod:poss
38	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 lens	nmod
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 animal	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	participle					long property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present	the Greenland shark	the lived animal			with a backbone	tree rules
3	know	participle		a backbone not said here				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	live	gerund				year	perhaps property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	measure	past	scientists	backbone's age				vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme age=Value
6	use	gerund	scientists not said here	a kind of carbon clock	the lens of lens's eye			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/7/